The impact of 2G and 3G Sunset on IoT Connectivity

As the world embraces the rapid deployment of 4G and 5G technologies, the retirement of older networks is becoming a reality. In this blog article, we explore the implications of the 2G and 3G sunset for IoT connectivity, offering insights into how to prepare for this technological shift.

Preparing for the Sunset: A Global Transition

4G made its impact a long time ago, and now with the widespread adoption of 4G and 5G networks globally, the phase-out of 2G and 3G is already in progress in numerous countries.

The timing for network shutdowns varies across regions, driven by telecom companies moving to newer, more advanced technologies like 4G and 5G. 

Given that 2G networks have been operational for over three decades, the impact on IoT deployments using these technologies is significant. Many IoT solutions, with lifecycles extending a decade or more, still rely on 2G, necessitating strategic actions to ensure continued operation during the sunset of 2G and 3G networks.

The Geographical Patchwork of Sunsets

The pace of the 2G/3G sunset is fragmented globally, with diverse sunset dates depending on market characteristics. GSMA Intelligence predicts over 55 2G and 3G networks will be closed between 2021 and 2025. Interestingly, 2G and 3G won't necessarily retire simultaneously, and certain markets anticipate the continuation of 2G services for specific needs, such as mobile payments in Africa and vehicle emergency calling in other regions.

European 3G Shutdown: A Planned Transition

The phase-out of 3G has been underway for years, with several countries already completing their transitions. Europe, in particular, has experienced more 3G sunsets than 2G, with 19 operators in 14 nations planning a 3G switch-off by 2025. In contrast, 2G shutdowns are less prevalent, with eight operators in eight countries planning the switch-off by the same time.

Impact on IoT Deployments: Navigating Complexity

The sunset of 2G and 3G networks presents challenges for IoT deployments, as many devices remain 2G/3G driven only and are in the middle  in their expected lifetime. Replacing equipment will increase costs and haven a negative impact on IoT business cases built on the assumption of single-mode hardware longevity.

Minimizing Customer Impact and getting ready for migration

Acting sooner rather than later is crucial to minimizing the impact on customers as 3G becomes niche technology. Examples of disruptions, like a municipal transport system in San Francisco facing business interruption due to 2G reliance post-sunset, highlight the need for careful planning and a phased approach in transitioning from 2G and 3G.

Transitioning to Future-Proof Connectivity

A strategic review of the installed base is the first step for IoT enterprises, understanding which devices need upgrades. Selecting future-proofed hardware and assessing alternative technologies like LTE-M  (Long Term Evolution for Machines) and NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of things) becomes essential. Avoiding a 'mid-life crisis' involves careful consideration of technology lifespan and deployment duration.

Beyond the Sunset: Embracing 4G and 5G

The emergence of alternative technologies like 4G and 5G, as well as IoT-specific solutions like Narrow band IoT (NB-IoT) and Long Term Evolution Machine Type Communication (LTE-M), has paved the way for the sunset of 2G and 3G networks. These technologies offer global solutions with enhanced capabilities, opening new opportunities in agriculture, utilities, logistics, and other industries.

Com4 IoT's Commitment and Support

Com4, with its extensive global experience, stands committed to supporting customers through this technological shift. Collaboration with customers and partners, strategic planning, and evaluation of opportunities for modernization ensure a smooth transition to 4G and 5G, unlocking new functionalities built on IoT-focused networks.

Below is an updated list of shutdowns that have been announced or have already taken place. While we strive to keep this list as precise as we can, please note that we do not monitor every network worldwide for updates. Networks that do not appear on this table might not have publicly disclosed their intentions regarding the sunset of 2G or 3G networks. It's important to understand that networks are only required to provide a three-month notice to their customers to officially confirm the cessation of network services.